Machine for broaching internal gears



Sept. 19:, 1950 H. H. GOTBERG MACHINE FOR BROACHING INTERNAL GEARS '7 Sheets-Sheet 1 mm Jan. 22, 1947 INVENTOR.

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I BY

H. H. GOTBERG MACHINE FOR BROACHING INTERNAL GEARS Sept. 19, 1950 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Jan. 22. 1.947

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P 1950 H. H. GOTBERG 2,522,712

MACHINE FOR BROACHING INTERNAL GEARS Fild'Jn. 22, 1947 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 IN VEN TOR.

E m EM 2 6 .n a Z e m f & V4,. 0 MM N, 2 m 14 F M Sept. 19,1950 H H. GOTERG MACHINE FOR BROACHING INTERNAL Filed Jan 22. 1947 H. H. GOTBERG MACHINE FOR BROACHING INTERNAL GEARS Sept. I9, 1950 '7 Sheets-Shet 7 Filed Jan. .22, 1947 INVENTOR.

Patented Sept. 19, 1950 MACHINE FOR BROACHING INTERNAL GEARS Harry H. Gotberg, Detroit, Mich., assignor to Colonial Broach Company, Warren Township, Macomb County, Mich., a corporation of Dela ware l Application January 22, 1947, Serial N 0. 723,599

3 Claims.

This invention relates to broaching machines, a

and more particularly to machines for broaching internal gears.

The broaching of internal gears has been practiced with considerable success with long pull breaches which are pulled entirely through the gear blank and complete the gear in a single pass. However, in some cases internal gears are provided with inwardly directed webs or flanges which will not permit the pasage of the broaching tool. Accordingly, in such cases, slower and more expensive methods of machining the teeth have been employed.

Accordingly, it is the general object of the present invention to provide an automatic machine for :broaching internal gears by the use of a plurality of short strip broaches which are pushed into and withdrawn from the gear blank in succession.

Another object of the invention is to provide a machine of the type described capable of broaching helical internal gear teeth. 7

These and other objects of this invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a perspective view of the breaching machine of this invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 isa cross-sectional view taken along the line 33 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view illustrating one type of gear on which internal gear teeth are formed by the machine of this invention;

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 55 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 6-6 of Fig. 3;

Fig. '1' is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic circuit of this invention, and

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the electrical circuit of this invention.

Referring now to the drawings, reference character. 9 designates the frame of a vertical press, the details of construction of which, since they form no part of the present invention, will not be considered further. The press incorporates a vertically movable ram II which is reciprocated in the usual manner by a hydraulic piston-type motor and a table l3 which carries a bed plate I5 upon which is rigidly mounted a boxlike support |1. Connected to the lower end of the ram plunger II is a split head element I9 provided with a pair of vertically spaced thrust bearings 2| which rotatably support a socket 23, a portion of which depends below the head element 19. The lower end of the socket 23 is provided with a recess 25 adapted to receive the upper end of a lead bar 21. The lead bar 21 is pinned to the socket 23 by means of a tapered pin 29 which passes through a slot 3| in the wall of the socket 23 and also by a key 32 inserted between the Wall of the socket and the lead bar. The outer periphery of the lead bar 21 is formed with grooves 33 which extend helically along the length thereof.

Extending upwardly from the support H are a pair of vertical cylindrical bars 35, the lower ends of which are secured to the support by set screws 36. Secured adjacent the upper end of each of the vertical bars 35 and extending therebetween is a forged supporting element 31 which is provided with an opening 39 in the center thereof. A sleeve 4| is positioned within the opening 39 and has an annular flange 42 on the upper end thereof which rests upon the top of supporting element 31. The opposite end of the collar 4| extends below the supporting element 31 and a nut 43 is threaded thereon to fixedly secure the collar 4| in the supporting element opening 39. The inner wall of the collar 4| is formed with helical splines adapted to ride in the helical grooves 33 on the lead bar and cause the lead bar, when it is reciprocated upwardly and downwardly, to rotate so that helical gear teeth may be cut on a gear blank 49 carried on the lower end of the lead bar, as hereinafter described.

Below the supporting element 31 a, similarly shaped element 5| is provided which is slidable on the verticalbars 35. The sliding element 5| is provided with an opening 53 extending vertically through the center thereof in which a sleeve bearing 54 is positioned which in turn rotatably receives the shank portion 55 of a chuck 56. Below the shank portion 55, the diameter of the chuck 56 is enlarged to provide an annular flange 51 which abuts against a washer 53 positioned between the flange and the bottom surface of the sliding element 5|. The upper end of the chuck 56 is threaded at 59 and a pair of lock nuts 60 are threaded thereon to abut against a washer 6| seated upon the top surface of the sliding element 5| so that the nuts 60 and the entire chuck can rotate in the sliding element 5|. The chuck 5B is provided with a socket 63 in which is fitted the lower end of the lead bar 21. The lower end of the lead bar is then keyed, by means of a key 64, to the chuck 56, so that as the lead bar 21 rotates the chuck 56 likewise Will rotate. This effects rotation of the gear blank 49 which is secured in a recess 65 in the lower end of the chuck by means of a threaded cap 61.

The .gear blank "illustrated in the drawings, and indetail in Fig. 91,:is of the type. having an opening in the center thereof with the gear teeth II formed by the machine of this invention on the periphery thereof adjacent the front face of the gear blank. The opposite; end. of .the opening I9 is of a reduced diameter as at I3 so that it is impossible for the gear teeth forming broach to pass completely through'the gear blank. iHowever, it will be readily apparent that theagear blank shown in the drawings is for purposes of illustration only and the invention contemplates the forming of internal gearteethon'any suitable type gear blank. Likewise the chuck; 56 illustrated in the drawings has its lower end recessed to receive onl the. gear blank shown, but could 'be made to receive any suitable type gear blank.

ZRotatably mountedin and projecting upwardly. from the support "II is'a" broach supporting drum generally designated at I1. This" drum is rotatable upon a vertical axis in a sleeve'bear- Sing 19 inserted in anopening 8I,"and 'is'adapted I. to be turned in an intermittent manner by any suitable form of indexing mechanism. Thus in 'the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the .reduced bearing portion"83 ofthe drum carries within support I! a horizontally disposed'ratchet wheel85 and a cup actuator element '8'! enclosing the ratchet wheel. The ratchet wheel'and actuator element. are coaxiallymounted with respect to the drum and the bearing portion 83, .and are secured to the latter portion'by the cap screw 89. The ratchet Wheel is keyed to rotate with the drum as indicated 'at"9l,' but the actuator is independently rotatable.

with respect to the common axisof rotation of the ratchet wheel and'work holding drum and provide a smooth bearing surface engaging the interior of the actuator.

As illustrated in Fig. 6,1'the actuator 81 has'a laterally projecting arm" 95 provided with a radial internal passage 91 open at its inner extremity, in which a pawl '99 is slidable to andfrom an inter-engagin relation with'respect to the ratchet teeth93. The pawl is urged" inwardly 'with respect to the teeth by a helical compression spring IUI arranged in a'bore I03 formed in the pawl and reacting at'its outer extremity against a cap I65 which closesthe end of"the passage.

The. arm 95 also carries a'downwardly project- Lingjpin 'IOI engaging in a transverse slot formed inan. indexing slide member'l09 movable .be-

.neath the arm 95 in a path tangential with re-, .spect to theorbitof the pin in such a manner that, onreciprocationofthe slide, intermittent be readily apparent.

The. slide I09 is mounted in waysformed bya ,pair of rails III rigidly mounted inthe support l1. and isactuable by. an indexing cylinder and .piston assembly, the cylinder of which isgen- Merally designated at. H3. The cylinder and. pis...

The ends of.. ithe teeth 93 of the ratchet Wheel are concentric ton assembly may be of any suitable construc tion. As illustrated, the piston rod H5 is connected to slide I09 and may be reciprocated by supplying fluid to one end of the cylinder and exhausting it from the other through conduits I I1 and H9. It will be noted that the head of the cylinder assemblyis secured to the support I1 by means of cap screws I2I with its body extending exteriorly therefrom and only the piston rod projecting into the interior of the support.

The..entire..;actuator cylinder assembly is thus readily removable for inspection and servicing.

The inner extremity of the piston rod is connectedto'ithe'slideby means of a coupling member I23.attached to the extremity of the rod and transfixed by pin I24 carried by the slide.

Im the intervals between indexing movement 0fthe"drum,it is held against rotation by an indexlock pluger I25 radially movable to and from a position in which it projects into any one of a series of peripherally. spacednotches I2'I.formed .in the drum. The plunger. I25 isprovid'ed with a downwardly projecting portion. I33 which lies outside of the support I1 and is keyed .by means of a transversely disposed interfitted portion generally designated .I35,.as.seen. in Fig- 3,.to-a cam follower plunger I31. slidable as a unit with plunger 425. and projecting through. the side ofthe support I? to a positionadjacent the actuator 81.

The plunger I31 is actuable-.,by cam. lobe I39 rigidly secured tothe periphery. of the actuator 87, as seen in Fig. 6. .The cam lobe isso located and contoured as-to urge the. plunger I31 outwardly and thereby freethe index lock plunger I25 from one of thenotches I2? as the actuator completes its counterclockwise movement, as the parts are again viewedin Fig. 6. The plungers I25 and I3! are urged inwardly by a pair of helical compression springs MI and I49 supported 7 partly by the respective'plungers and partly in the laterally extending section I of the-support I! which carries theplungers and related ele- .ments. .Plugsldl are, provided in the supporting portion I45 to retain thesprings in position. Top :and'bottom platewportions-ld9 and I5I, respectively, of the. supporting section I45 carry limit switches.LS--3-and LS.2, respectively, the former actu-able by the-plunger I25and the latter bythe plunger I31. The purpose and electrical arrangement of these switches will presently .be

. considered.

A housing I 53 is secured topnesideofthe support 'I I inzabutting "ISIatlOIIIJWith. a- :oylindrical a, washer I63 which in turn abuts the outer wall of the housing 153. -The inner end of the spring IBI abuts against a washer I65 which in turn abuts against a downwardly projecting dog I67 rigidly mounted on the rod and extending downwardly through a s10t I69 in the housing. Dog I61 isadapted. to actuatea switch LS for stopping rotation of the tableafter the machine has made a complete, cycle .ofoperations. The. rod

' conduit ml to the reservoir.

, cylinder. forced out through the conduit 2| I, foot valve 209, jfour-way valve 205, and line 2" to the reservoir.

I51 is normally urged inwardly against the outer means of countersunk screws I11 and supports the drum during rotation. The top face of the drum 11 is provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced cylindrical apertures I19 which receive the shanks IBI of strip breaches It3. The top face of the table is recessed as at I85 to receive keys I81 for each strip 'broach. The keys fit into the recess I85 and against flat portions I89 on the shanks of the breaches. Each key I81 is secured to the drum by means of screws I9I In the embodiment illustrated in the drawing,

each strip breach I83 is formed with teeth thereon adapted to cut all of the helical gear teeth on the internal surface of the gear blank 49 and each successive breach I83 is of a larger size than the one prior thereto so that the gear blank when it is reciprocated contacts the smallest breach "first, and then after the ear blank has been raised out of contact with the breach, the drum rotates due to the indexing mechanism and the next larger breach is presented in the correct position for breaching the gear blank. This a1- ternate rotation and reciprocation continues until the gear blank has been breached by the largest and the final sized breach I83, whereupon the rotation of the drum is automatically "stopped and the finished gear can be removed, a

new blank put in its place, and the operation re-.

peated.

Certain of the hydraulic and electrical com- "penents are depicted in diagrammatic form only,

since their details form no part of the present invention. The hydraulic system includes a reser- I voir generally indicated at I93. From the reservoir, hydraulic fluid is pumped by the main pump I95 through the appropriate conduit means as I91 to an overload relief valveI99 which, if the pressure is too great, will return the fluid through If the fluid pressure is normal, the valve I99 will allow the fluid to pass through conduit 203 into a pilot operated four-way valve 205 which is solenoid controlled in one direction and spring returned in the other. The four-way valve 205 is operated in one direction by the solenoid S-I which is spring biased so that in its normal position the fluid passes through a conduit 201, a foot valve 209,

n the fluid enters the lower end of the cylinder 2 I3 it forces the piston upwardly and thus the fluid above the piston is forced out through conduit 2I5, the four-way valve 205, and conduit 2I1 to the reservoir I 93.

When the valve-actuating solenoid S-I is energized, it actuates the valve 205 to a position in which the pump output is connected to the conduit 2I5 leading to the upper extremity of the The fluid below the piston is then Foot valve 209 operates to prevent such return flow until the pressure in the line 2I I exceeds a predetermined value sufiicient to prevent the ram from falling by gravity.

During the normal cycle of the machine, the solenoid SI is energized on completion of the downward stroke of the ram and thus affects an immediate return of the ram. When the ram piston reaches the upper end of its stroke, as shown in Fig. 7, it can move no further and consequently the pressure in line 201 will build up. Valve 22I which is positioned in a line 223 connecting lines 201 and a four-way valve 225, normally blocks flow through line 223 but opens automatically in response to a predetermined pressure in line 201 which pressure is in excess of that required to lift the piston in cylinder 2I3. This increased pressure only develops after the piston in cylinder 2 I 3 completes its upward stroke.

When the valve 22I opens fluid is delivered to an open center four-way valve 225 which is of the pilot operated solenoid controlled in both direction, type. Normally the fluid passes through the four-way valve 225 and thence through the outlet conduit 221 back to the reservoir. However, when the solenoid S2 is actuated, the fluid flows through the valve into the conduit I I9 and thence into the cylinder I I3 so as to push the piston rod II5 inwardly and cause the arm to be moved. When the solenoid S-3 is actuated, the flow of the fluid is then reversed, and the fluid flows through the conduit I I1 to return the piston rod II5 to its normal position and thereby index the drum 11. The return fluid flows out of the cylinder I I3 through the line H3 and thence through the line 221 back to the reservoir.

While the solenoid control valves may be of any desired type they are preferably operated by hydraulic pilot pressure which is controlled by pilot valves which in turn are operated by the solenoids S-I, S--2 and S3. Since such valves are of conventional construction, they need not be illustrated or described in detail. The supply pump 235 for the pilot system may be mounted and drivable with the main pump I95, as shown in Fig. 6, conventional pilot fluid connections being schematically indicated in that view and generally designated at 231.

The electrical connections and the principal electrical components employed to control the operation of the machine are depicted diagrammatically in Fig. 8. As previously indicated, the machine normally stands with the head or rain in the raised position. The valve actuating solenoids S-I, S2, and S3 are indicated as powered from a 220 volt source. The supply lines to these elements being designated L--I and L2. The other electrical components may operate at volts derived from a step down transformer 239 and delivered by way of the conductors L3 and L4. A pair of button-type starting switches designated Start are normally open and bridged by holding relay contact RC--I. The actuating coil R,-I of the relay is in series with the start button switches, as shown. A pair of normally closed stop button switches may also be provided in series with the relay coil RI and the start button switches, and all of these button switches are, of course, located upon the machine in positions convenient to the operator. A second contact actuated by the relay R-I and designated RC I 2 is connected in a series-parallel circuit with three additional relay coils R2, R3 and R-4. Arranged in parallel with the relay coil R-2 are a pair of contacts 2 adapted to be closed by extensions 243 of the start button switches at the P15 ;;para-llel circuit justdescribedis bridgedbya norsame tim eiat e 1 -c osed whe st rt n -.the machine. The normallygclosed limit; switch LS4 likewise is in parallel with the contacts; 24 I as shown and is adapted to be opened bythe cam S n-the drum as, previously mentioned. The

. mally open holding; relay contact RC-2 which ;;is closedw-hen relay;coil--R-.2-is energized. In

;-;s eries with therelayicoilqR-fl the relay contacts 5.RC2 and the ,parallelcircuits just. described is ..a;,lirnit switch LSI which closes whenqthe head ,orramjs fully'raised and, is opened-when the *head reaches the bottom-of its stroke. tin -series :\tact,.RC- .-2 .actuable by ;co il'R- 2,- and apair. of -1pa rallel:circuits are interposed betweenthe con- -.tact.:RC.l and the;;conductor 245. x'lfhesevparallel circuits contain normallyc open .-;contacts ;.RC& and RC3,' contactJBC-3 being.;clos able :by the relay .coil Rr+3,-whi1e contachRC-A is closable by: energizationpfsthe relaycoil R-e l.

'. In series. with the relay coil-lt-Jv isa limit switch LS:2,: previously mentioned, of the normally i open type which is closedbythe cam plunger .131

aseitcompletes its outward movement andopens .when the cam plunger begins its. inward ;move- .ment. Limit switch LS-l Z is shunted. byacircuit-containing in series a limit switclr.LSj-3, and a contact-RC.- i Limit switch L873 is of the-normally open type, but is .held closed by the 'index locking plunger I25, except. when the index locking plunger reaches its innermost-posi- 'tion. Contact RC i is normally open .but is closed-on energi-zation of -coil R -4.

contact RC 3 is normally closed and isopened on energization of relay coil R,.3. Inserieswith yalveactuating solenoid S-3 are two. normally .lopen contacts RC3 and RC"4 Contact RC?3 -,-is closed on energization of the relay coil R3 while contact R 4 is closed on energiza- .tion of relay coil R A.

1 The machine operates automatically and 7 continuously after closingbOth of the starting button switches until current to therelay coil 'R-,| is-interrupted by. the stopbutton switchesor when the limit switch LS iis opened, after the completion of thebroaching cycle as will. be herein- -=after described. Considering. the cycle as com mencingwith .the ram in. the fully raised position, closing the starting switches energizes relay coil -Rl and closes the holding contacts .RC-.-l, and RC-l The rela coil R-Z. is energized by -,the contacts- 243, which are connected .to. the

starting button switches. Thus closingthe holdjlines Ll and 1P2 and the energization of the solenoid S2 shifts the valve 225 to a position. to ydirect fiuid through conduit H9 and. into the outer extremity of the cylinder H3 .sothat the indexing slide'ifiamovesin to rock the actuator -.z8|- counterclockwise. As the actuator:completes 8 -.-it pcountere o kw s m v men ca "Re re .out t he;;,cam follower plunger I31 and -the'con- .ne e i d x ockrluhee 2 iT .0 .35 limit switches LS-2 and LS;3. Thiscompletes-a circuit throughrelay; coil RT 4, therebylclosingcontacts RC-e4, RC.4 ,;-and- RC.-4 and opening contact RC4 Closed contact RC..-4 g consti- .-tutes. a holding contact for thecoil, R. -4; so long vas limit switch LS,3, inserieswith the last-mentioned contacts, remains closed. Closure ..of RC-r4 energizes relay R.-,3 and thereby closes The contactpthen acts as a holding circuit to maintain the circuit to R--3 v independently-pf l relay R. 4. The opening ot the normally lclosed .;contacts RC-e3 1 and closure' of the normally .open contact RC+-3 ...de.- ene rgizes .the yalve ac- -tuating solenoids- 2 and-energizes the solenoid .S-3, thereby shifting valve, 225, to its opposite position in which fluid under-pressurefis. directed to the inner extremity ofithe cylinder H3 through .the conduit Ill. The indexing slide .1 I19 is thereupon moved, outwardl to turn, the drum 11 cloc wise. a :pr v ious d scr bed, through ,one indexing nmyement. Limit, switch .LS 2 opens. at the commencement-0t. such indexing moyementas the pl l f ers 1.25 andil3'l move inwardly partway. when plunger ,l3'l rides ofi the cam I39. The cam keeps the plunger ,out until the-index lock slot I21 hasmoved, away from; the end of the plunger i25, and the last mentioned plungeraccordingly continues .to ride ,upon. the peripheralsurface of the drum. ll until another of theslets l2! registers ..with ;such. plunger, which occurs at the end of the indexingmoyement. During theindexing movement, therefore, although. the plungers have moved in .partway,,so that LS-Zis open, the.plungers are held outlier enough. to -prevent ,the opening of .limit switch LES-3. Limit switch LS-3 opens as the plunger assembl goes into the nextslot.IZ'E at thecompletion of the indexing,. rnovement,v and relay coil R,. l .isthereupon de energized, opening the circuit to solenoid S-.3. at contact RC4% and closing the circuit, through. solenoid S. -I at contacts RC.4 .The' drumis therefore held stationary and solenoid lS.l thereupon shifts yalve 205 a- .position to connect supply line. 2.513 ,to conduit 216 causing the ramtoidescend and broach the workpiece mountedin the ram, as previously described. vAt the lower extremity of movement ,of ,the ram, limitswitch LS.-I is opened and deenergizesvthe relay :coil R-2 and opens the, contacts RC2, .RC.-2 and .RC-H-Z This wil1' be seen to interrupt the circuit through the conductor to relaycoil R.3, and the de-energization of that coil breaks the. circuitto solenoid S-| at contactsRC-F. Valve 205 thereupon moves to the other. position, reconnecting the. lower extremity of v the ram cylinder 2 [3 to the. pumpoutput 7 and the. ram reascends. In the. upper ex- 'tremity'of ram movement, limit. switch LS.-l., is again closed, closing thecircuit to relay coil R-.-2

through the limit switch LS4, and the cycle re- ,peats until either the master relay GQ tacts RC| are opened by de-energizing relaycoil RI due tothe opening of the stop button sw tch s, run thedr ml a e n i dexe through a complete cycle sothat the workpiece has ,.been broached .by all. ten 01*. the strip breaches 1.83.

- When the drum has beenindexed sothhfiiilhe complete bro-aching operation hastaken place and the ramrhas moved backflto its uppermost position, the cam I59 on the drum will contact the shaft I51 and cause the limit switch LS- J to be opened. After this last indexing movement which caused the limit switch LS4 to be actuated, the ram moves downwardly, as previously described, to re-engage the work-piece with the final sized strip broach I83, and as previously described the limit switch LSI is opened when the ram is in this position, thereby de-energizing the relay coil R-2 and opening the contact RC-2. As the limit switch LS4 is now open,.

closure of the limit switch LS--l will not energize R2 in the usual manner because RC-Z is open. Therefore, the machine is rendered inoperative and will not start again until the operator pushes the start button switches into engagement.

While only one form of the invention has been shown and described herein, it will be apparent that variations in the design and construction may be indulged in without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims. While the machine has been described as useful in the production of internal gears, it will be understood that it is equally adapted for use in producing internal splined members. Consequently, the term gears, as employed in the specification and claims, should be construed to include either gears or splines.

I claim:

1. A machine for simultaneously forming all the teeth in an internal gear, comprising a gear blank holder adapted to carry a gear blank axially, means for reciprocating and rotating said gear blank holder, including lead bar means, a rotatable index table, means adapted to connect a plurality of stub broaches to said table, and table operating means for successively moving said broaches into alignment with said gear blank intermediate each successive cycle of re- 40 ciprocation of said holder.

2. A machine for simultaneously forming all the teeth in an internal helical gear, including a rotatable index table, means for connecting a plurality of stub broaches with saidtable, a gear blank holder adapted to carry a gear blank, means for reciprocating androtating said gear blank holder, including a reciprooable ram, a lead bar rotatably connected with said ram and operatively connected with said gear blank holder, and stationary nut means engaging said lead bar so as to cause rotation thereof during reciprocation of said gear blank holder, and table operating means for successively moving the stub broaches into alignment with said gear blank intermediate each successive cycle of reciprocation of said holder.

3. A machine for simultaneously forming all the teeth in an internal helical gear, including a rotatable index table, means for connecting a plurality of stub broaches with said table, a gear blank holder adapted to carry a gear blank, means for reciprocating and rotating said holder, including a reciprocating ram disposed above said rotatable index table, a lead bar, means rotatably connecting the upper end of said lead bar with said reciprocatin ram, means operatively connecting the lower end of said lead bar with said gear blank holder and stationary nut means engaging said lead bar so as to cause rotation thereof during reciprocation of said gear blank holder, and table operating means for successively moving the broaches into alignment with the gear blank intermediate each successive cycle of reciprocation of said holder.

HARRY H. GOTBERG.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,451,097 Kitto et a1. Apr. 10, 1923 1,627,755 Urschel May 10, 1927 1,986,793 Chapman et al Jan. 8, 1935 

